Horizontal well design for field with naturally fractured reservoir

ABSTRACT

Methods, systems, and computer program products for designing a horizontal well in a hydrocarbon field having naturally fractured reservoir integrates workflows from multiple oilfield related disciplines, including a geophysics workflow, geomechanics workflow, and completion and production workflow to achieve an a dynamic and integrated solution.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of U.S. Non-Provisional applicationSer. No. 15/118,854 (U.S. Pat. No. 9,890,616), entitled “Horizontal WellDesign for Field with Naturally Fractured Reservoir,” filed Aug. 12,2016, which is a 371 National Phase of International Application No.PCT/US15/20176, filed Mar. 12, 2015, which claims priority to U.S.Provisional Application Ser. No. 61/951,623, entitled “Horizontal WellDesign for Field with Naturally Fractured Reservoir,” filed Mar. 12,2014, all of which are incorporated herein by reference.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The exemplary embodiments disclosed herein relate generally to methods,systems, and computer program products for designing a horizontal wellin a hydrocarbon field having naturally fractured reservoir byintegrating workflows from multiple oilfield related disciplines.

BACKGROUND

Drilling horizontal wells, or wells where the lower part of the wellbore parallels the hydrocarbon reservoir, is a complicated and costlyendeavor for a variety of reasons. The WOB (weight on bit), torque anddrag, directional control, and the like, are a few of the factors thatneed to be managed when drilling horizontal wells.

The difficulties involved in drilling horizontal wells are compoundedwhen the hydrocarbon reservoir is geologically complex due to strongcompressive forces. As an example, such compressive forces may create avery fractured and overlapped formation deposit that, when combined witha strong aquifer, can cause early water breakthroughs, rapid decline ofoil production rates, and low drilling performance. As a result,multiple scenarios of well surveys and completions are typicallyanalyzed to maximize the life cycle of the well and the hydrocarbonfield.

In light of the difficulties that may be encountered in drillinghorizontal wells, especially wells involving the type of geologicalcomplexities found in many hydrocarbon reservoirs, a need exists for animproved way to design a horizontal well and particularly a way todesign a horizontal well for a hydrocarbon field with a naturallyfractured reservoir.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

For a more complete understanding of the exemplary disclosedembodiments, and for further advantages thereof, reference is now madeto the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanyingdrawings in which:

FIG. 1 illustrates a schematic diagram of an oil or gas drilling rigthat may be used to drill a horizontal well according to the disclosedembodiments;

FIG. 2 illustrates a geophysics solution workflow that may be used todesign a horizontal well in accordance with the disclosed embodiments;

FIG. 3 illustrates a geomechanics solution workflow that may be used todesign a horizontal well in accordance with the disclosed embodiments;

FIG. 4 illustrates a completion and production solution workflow thatmay be used to design a horizontal well in accordance with the disclosedembodiments;

FIG. 5 illustrates an integrated workflow for a horizontal well designin fields with a naturally fractured reservoir in accordance with thedisclosed embodiments;

FIG. 6 illustrates computing system that may be used to design ahorizontal well in accordance with the disclosed embodiments;

FIG. 7 illustrates a process that may be used to design a horizontalwell in accordance with the disclosed embodiments; and

FIG. 8 illustrates a database representation of integrated workflow fora horizontal well design in fields with a naturally fractured reservoirin accordance with the disclosed embodiments.

DESCRIPTION OF EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENTS

The following discussion is presented to enable a person skilled in theart to make and use the exemplary disclosed embodiments. Variousmodifications will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, andthe general principles described herein may be applied to embodimentsand applications other than those detailed below without departing fromthe spirit and scope of the disclosed embodiments as defined herein. Thedisclosed embodiments are not intended to be limited to the particularembodiments shown, but are to be accorded the widest scope consistentwith the principles and features disclosed herein.

Referring now to FIG. 1, an oil drilling rig 100 is shown forimplementing certain aspects of the exemplary embodiments disclosedherein. The drilling rig 100 may be used to drill a borehole 10 from asurface location 12, which may be a ground surface, a drilling platform,or any other location outside of the borehole 10 from which drilling maybe controlled. The drilling rig 100 has a drill string 26 suspendedtherefrom composed of a continuous length of pipe known as drillingtubing that is made of relatively short pipe sections 51 connected toone another. The drill string 26 typically has a bottom hole assemblyattached at the end thereof that includes a rotary drilling motor 30connected to a drill bit 32. Drilling is typically performed usingsliding drilling where the drill bit 32 is rotated by the drilling motor30 during drilling, but the drilling tubing is not rotated duringdrilling. The ability to perform sliding drilling, among other things,allows the trajectory of the drill bit 32 to be controlled to therebydrill in an angled direction relative to vertical, including ahorizontal direction.

Drilling a horizontal well, as alluded to above, is a costly andtime-consuming process, particularly if the reservoir being drilled hasstrong compressive forces that can create a fractured and overlappedformation deposit requiring analysis of multiple scenarios of wellsurveys and completions. The exemplary embodiments disclosed hereinrelate to an improved method, system, and computer program product fordesigning a horizontal well in such geologically complex reservoirs.Specifically, the disclosed embodiments employ workflows from multipleoilfield related disciplines to design the horizontal well, includinggeophysics, geomechanics, and completion and production disciplines.Optimal results may be achieved by applying the exemplary disclosedembodiments before, during, and after the drilling proposal. Theseexemplary disclosed embodiments may be used in various phases ofgenerating a drilling proposal.

In some embodiments, the workflows may involve conducting a sensitivityanalysis to determine whether the reservoir may be more sensitive to oneor more particular parameters, such as angle of deviation of the wellbore. As well, fluid production and well completion workflows may bedesigned to prevent early water breakthrough. Methods for prolongingwell productive life, increasing incremental oil production, anddifferent options provided by ICD (inflow control device) technologysuppliers may also be employed.

As used herein, the term “workflow” generally refers to an orchestratedand repeatable pattern of business and/or engineering activities thatare enabled by the systematic organization of resources into one or moreprocesses to transform materials, provide services, and/or process dataand information. The term “workflow” is typically understood as asequence of operations, but may simply be the work of a person or groupof persons, an organization, or one or more simple or complexmechanisms.

Among other advantages, the exemplary disclosed embodiments make use ofworkflows from multiple disciplines to promote multidisciplinaryteamwork that integrates geologists, geophysicists, geomechanics, andreservoir, completion, drilling and production engineers, whichfacilitates achieving an optimal solution for oilfield companies. Aswell, the exemplary disclosed embodiments make it possible for one PSL(product and service line) to interact very closely with other PSLs,thereby facilitating successful application of recommended producttechnology, such as inflow control devices, swells packers, and thelike. In short, the exemplary disclosed embodiments implement provenstandardized collaborative workflows in the disciplines of geosciences,geomechanics, and completion and production to deliver fast results tothe well design process. Multidiscipline teamwork, multi-PSL projects,workflow implementation as a strategy, and other aspects are combined toprovide innovative and integrated solutions.

Still other advantages include static and dynamic disciplines (e.g.,geophysics, geomechanics, completion and production, etc.) beingintegrated into the well design process using the embodiments disclosedherein. The integration allows the long-term effects of completioncomponents on the reservoir performance and production (e.g., recoveryfactor, cumulative production, water/gas breakthrough time, etc.) to beinvestigated. Optimized well survey location may be selected using themaximum curvature attribute, and 3D visualization may be correlated withproduction history. Areas with higher fracture density may also bedetermined, and the horizontal length and risky water zones may bedefined using the embodiments disclosed herein. Likewise, the rate ofpenetration (ROP) may be increased and non-productive time (NPT) may beminimized. This approach allows mechanical earth models to identify andfocus on solving the more important drilling problems in the hydrocarbonfield. For example, a safer mud window may be designed for all stages ofthe well construction design via the mechanical earth models. Optimizedwell completion design may be achieved that integrates multipleengineering tools to model the production behavior within the wellboreflow path. And different well types and completions analysis may beperformed to optimize productivity and well economics.

Turning first to FIG. 2, an exemplary geophysics workflow 200 is shown.This workflow 200 primarily provides 3D visualization and takesadvantage of existing functionality in commercially availablevisualization applications such as OpenWorks GeoProbe from LandmarkGraphics Corporation of Houston, Tex. The geophysics workflow 200entails loading the information provided by the oilfield customer,integrating geological and production information to validate theresults, displaying each proposed well, and extracting the attribute ofmaximum curvature in the well path in order to identify possiblelocations of large vertical extension fractures observed with seismicvolume.

As can be seen in FIG. 2, exemplary phases of the geophysics solutionworkflow 200 may include: i) an information review phase 202 forreviewing geological and structural field information; ii) a maximumcurvature visualization phase 204 for 3D visualization of the maximumcurvature attribute for producing wells in a hydrocarbon field withnaturally fractured reservoir; iii) an integration phase 206 forintegrating geological and production information for qualitativecalibration of the maximum curvature attribute; iv) a horizontaldrilling visualization phase 208 for 3D visualization of horizontaldrilling proposal for the maximum curvature attribute and determinationof optimal areas with higher fracture density along flow paths; and v)any fracture zone estimation phase 210 for estimation of points(fracture zones) along the flow path of the horizontal wells, andproposal and recommendations on possible changes in the trajectories.

Several elements of this workflow 200 may be used for optimizing thedesign of a horizontal well, such as the seismic volume Pre Stack DepthMigration (PSDM), scaled to time to increase continuity and reducenoise. As well, the volume of maximum curvature may be used as a controlin the navigation area to the top and the base of the formation ofinterest (naturally fractured reservoir). Other elements may involve theproducing formation underlying the main producing area, including thetrajectories of any vertical and deviated wells therein, producers inthe carbonate formation thereof, and the paths proposed for horizontalwells.

The various phases 202-210 are well known to those having ordinary skillin the art and therefore a more detailed description is omitted here.The horizontal drilling visualization 208 may include makingtransparencies of the maximum curvature attribute, leaving only thosedata points representing maximum discontinuities that are attributableto the fracture zones, combining PSDM seismic volume with the maximumcurvature attribute for the completion, analyzing whether, in view ofthat attribute, discontinuities are reflected in the original seismicvolume, and whether the discontinuities correspond to a discontinuity inthe seismic signal caused by a formation fracture. Stack sections may bedefined along the flow paths in order to analyze the formation fracturesin a vertical plane.

With the transparencies of the maximum curvature attribute, sweeps intime (i.e., time slice) and the top of the reservoir (i.e., horizonslice) may be made to verify the input of each production well in theformation, the fracture density, and the intercepts as it moves withinthe formation. Where the well is a producing well, for each block of thefield, an analysis may be performed of the initial rate of production,the decline curve over time, and the water cut in order to compare thisinitial production and its relationship to the fracturing that isassociated with the curvature attribute. From the results of thecomparison, a qualitative calibration of the attribute versusproductivity of reservoir rock may be obtained.

Subsequently, the same process may be performed for a defined horizontalwell in order to observe the interaction of the well with fracturedzones and thus to define better the coordinate points (x, y) wherefractures are expected along the navigation of carbonate formation. Inthis way, those fracture zones that could represent a risk forperforation may be identified.

FIG. 3 illustrates the geomechanics workflow 300 and exemplary phasesthereof, including: i) a data gathering phase 302 for gathering, amongother things, well logs, reports, maps, field tests, and the like; ii)an analysis phase 304 for performing analysis of the operationalexperience, including non-productive time (NPT) analysis, drillinglearning curve analysis, and the like; iii) a geomechanics modelingphase 306 for performing geomechanics modeling, including modeling ofgeopressure, mechanical rock properties, in-situ stress, and the like;and iv) a collapse study phase 308 for performing a wellbore collapsestudy, including analytical collapse pressure analysis for breakout at0°, 60°, and 90°. This geomechanics workflow 300 may be used forpreparing the 1D geomechanical model and assessing wellbore stabilityfor horizontal wells in fields with naturally fractured reservoirs. Theprimary objective of this geomechanics workflow 300 is to increase therate of penetration (ROP) and minimize NPT.

As shown in FIG. 3, the data gathering phase 302 may entail collectinginformation such as drilling reports, operational graph monitoring,previous geomechanics reports, area maps, well logs, core descriptions,geomechanical laboratory tests, image logs (FMI), field testing (DST orRFT) and the formation tops, surveys of each well and UTM coordinates onthe surface. The data was gathered in order to make an inventory of theinformation that is available for the geomechanical rock model of thearea. This allows the analyst to choose the best calibrator wells (morethan two wells).

Next, in the analysis phase 304, an analysis of drilling events may beconducted, with a review of drilling wells reports for all wells testedin the area, selected at random to cover most of the study area. Thisreview may generate a database with event information, drilling depths,and mud density used. The events may then be classified based on thestage of construction and geological formation area while drilling thewells in order to detect areas with higher risks of incidences and plotthe learning curve of the drilling team.

The quantification of risk of a variable has become one of the greatchallenges in the oil industry recently, and therefore one of themethods used for assertive decision making when uncertainty ofsubsurface variables is very high is stochastic analysis, which allowsvisualization of different scenarios and assigns a degree of reliabilityor risk. This kind of study helps combine both analytical andprobabilistic results in a manner to ensure stability of the wellboreduring the drilling process.

In the absence of laboratory tests to calibrate dynamic mechanicalproperties and elastic modulus, as well as field tests for directlymeasuring the magnitude of the fracture gradient (FG) and minimum stress(Sh), it may be difficult to estimate with indirect methods the MaximumStress (SH) of the reservoir. Therefore, in some embodiments, atranscurrent regimen SH>Sv>Sh may be assumed, with K=1.4, usingcommercially available applications such as Drillworks Predict andGeostress from Landmark Graphics Corporation.

In the geomechanics modeling phase 306, geopressures, rock mechanicalproperties and in-situ stresses may be combined with the Modified Ladefailure criterion to generate a geomechanics model. This model may thenbe used in the collapse study phase 308 to estimate collapse pressuresfor a breakout of 0°, 60° and 90°, for example, using Monte Carlosimulation with, for example, 5000 iterations. An assessment of thefailure criteria in different depths of the lithological column may beperformed and a histogram of frequency of occurrence and the cumulativedensity function of probability (PDF) may be plotted on each data point.The value of the collapse pressure may be selected to ensure at least a50% cumulative probability of maintaining a stable well in order torecommend a safer mud window that stays stable throughout the well holedrilling.

FIG. 4 illustrates the completion and production workflow 400 andexemplary phases thereof, including: i) an information gathering phase402; ii) a prototype model development phase 404; iii) a well typedesign phase 406, iv) a well completion design phase 408; v) a well typeand completion sensitivities development phase 410, vi) a wellcompletion optimization phase 412; vii) a final completion proposalgeneration phase 414; and viii) a results presentation phase 416. Theabove completion and production workflow 400 may then be used tooptimize the well completion design.

To facilitate the optimization process, the workflow 400 may usereservoir simulation tools such as QuikLook and NETool from HalliburtonEnergy Services, Inc., to quantify benefits and allow completions to bestudied over time (i.e., transient analysis). Using these tools, theworkflow 400 allows the work teams to focus on evaluating the efficiencyof well completion types in order to optimize well performance andmaximize oil production, while mitigating production of undesirablefluids (e.g., water and/or gas). The workflow 400 also standardizes andstrengthens the processes used by the work teams, including integralmethodologies used in projects associated with well productivity in theoil industry.

More specifically, simulation tools such as QuikLook and NETool allowthe long-term effects of completion components on the reservoirperformance and production to be investigated, including crucialelements such as the recovery factor, cumulative production, and time ofwater/gas breakthrough. Using these tools, pressures and flow rates maybe exchanged for all the time steps for each of the reservoir cellsintersected by the well trajectory, resulting in a dynamic andintegrated model.

Some of the tasks that may be performed under the completion andproduction solution workflow 400 include: optimizing the well type andcompletion design to maximize customer value; evaluating the well typeand completion efficiency in terms of cumulative fluids production overtime; predicting the effect of the well completion and future behaviorof fluids resulting from the settings applied to reservoir and/orcomplex wells; reducing the financial and operational risk by the use ofimproved candidate selection; achieving a better understanding of themechanisms of the reservoir; reducing the cycle time of decision; andinvestigating the optimal placement of isolating zones over time.

Where QuikLook and NETool are used to implement the workflow 400, thefollowing exemplary procedure may be performed to achieve the bestresults, it being understood that modifications and additions may bemade to the procedure without departing from the scope of the exemplarydisclosed embodiments: create a model in QuikLook and NETool of a basecase; run simulation integrating QuikLook and NETool for the base case;save files and database results of base case; create a model in QuikLookand NETool of the case with different devices to the base case orcurrent completion; run simulation integrating QuikLook and NETool forthe case with different devices to the base case or current completion;save files and database of obtain results of case with different devicesto the base case or current completion; create a model in QuikLook andNETool of the case with optimized devices; run simulation integratingQuikLook and NETool for the case with optimized devices; save databaseof the output results of the case with optimized device; and perform adata post process, compare and show results.

FIG. 5 illustrates the foregoing multiple disciplinary workflows 200,300, and 400 being combined to provide a unique and integrated solution500 for designing a horizontal well in fields having naturally fracturedreservoirs. The integration beneficially implements standardized andcollaborative workflows involving the geosciences, geomechanics, andcompletion and production processes that deliver rapid and effectiveresults. These innovative and integrated workflows 200, 300, and 400optimize the well design and completion process, allow effectiveevaluation of efficiencies, enable prediction of the effect on futurereservoir performance, help delay water breakthrough, and improve wellproduction.

In some embodiments, the benefits from each workflow 200, 300, and 400may be optimized for the well survey location using the maximumcurvature attribute in 3D and correlated with production history. Thismay be done in order to determine the area with higher fracture density,define the horizontal length, and isolate risky water zones. Inaddition, increased ROP and minimized NPT may be achieved, primarilyusing analysis of operational experience together with a mechanicalearth model. This allows the focus to be placed on the biggest problemsin drilling the field, resulting in a safer mud window for all stages ofwell construction design. Also, well completion design may be optimizedby integrating suitable software simulation packages to model productionbehavior within the wellbore flow path with the support and expertise ofproduct and service line advisors.

FIG. 6 illustrates an exemplary system 600 that may be used to performthe multi-workflow horizontal well design process described herein. Theexemplary system 600 may be a conventional workstation, desktop, orlaptop computer, or it may be a custom computing system 600 developedfor a particular application. In a typical arrangement, the horizontalwell design system 600 includes a bus 602 or other communication pathwayfor transferring information among other components within the system600, and a CPU 604 coupled with the bus 602 for processing theinformation. The system 600 may also include a main memory 606, such asa random access memory (RAM) or other dynamic storage device coupled tothe bus 602 for storing computer-readable instructions to be executed bythe CPU 604. The main memory 606 may also be used for storing temporaryvariables or other intermediate information during execution of theinstructions by the CPU 604.

The horizontal well design system 600 may further include a read-onlymemory (ROM) 608 or other static storage device coupled to the bus 602for storing static information and instructions for the CPU 604. Acomputer-readable storage device 610, such as a nonvolatile memory(e.g., Flash memory) drive or magnetic disk, may be coupled to the bus602 for storing information and instructions for the CPU 604. The CPU604 may also be coupled via the bus 602 to a display 612 for displayinginformation to a user. One or more input devices 614, includingalphanumeric and other keyboards, mouse, trackball, cursor directionkeys, and so forth, may be coupled to the bus 602 for communicatinginformation and command selections to the CPU 604. A communicationsinterface 616 may be provided for allowing the horizontal well designsystem 600 to communicate with an external system or network.

The term “computer-readable instructions” as used above refers to anyinstructions that may be performed by the CPU 604 and/or othercomponents. Similarly, the term “computer-readable medium” refers to anystorage medium that may be used to store the computer-readableinstructions. Such a medium may take many forms, including, but notlimited to, non-volatile media, volatile media, and transmission media.Non-volatile media may include, for example, optical or magnetic disks,such as the storage device 610. Volatile media may include dynamicmemory, such as main memory 606. Transmission media may include coaxialcables, copper wire and fiber optics, including wires of the bus 602.Transmission itself may take the form of electromagnetic, acoustic orlight waves, such as those generated during radio frequency (RF) andinfrared (IR) data communications. Common forms of computer-readablemedia may include, for example, magnetic medium, optical medium, memorychip, and any other medium from which a computer can read.

In accordance with the exemplary disclosed embodiments, one or morehorizontal well design applications 618, or the computer-readableinstructions therefor, may also reside on or be downloaded to thestorage device 610 for execution. In general, the one or more horizontalwell design applications 618 are or include one or more computerprograms that may be executed by the CPU 604 and/or other components toallow users to design a horizontal well. Such horizontal well designapplications 618 may be implemented in any suitable computer programminglanguage or software development package known to those having ordinaryskill in the art, including various versions of C, C++, FORTRAN, and thelike.

FIG. 7 illustrates a method 700 that may be used by, or in conjunctionwith, one or more of the horizontal well design applications 618. Itshould be noted that although FIG. 7 (and other figures herein) show anumber of discrete blocks, those having ordinary skill in the art willunderstand that any one of these blocks may be divided into two or moreconstituent blocks and/or two or more of these blocks may be combined toform a single block as needed without departing from the scope of thedisclosed embodiments. In addition, the method 700 may be performedentirely automatically by the one or more horizontal well designapplications 618, or parts of the method 700 may be performedautomatically and parts of the methodology 700 may be performed manuallyas needed.

As can be seen, the method 700 begins at block 702, where the geophysicssolution workflow is performed as substantially described herein (seeFIG. 2) by or using an appropriate one or more of the horizontal welldesign applications 618, including some or all of the various phases202-210 discussed above. At block 704, the geomechanics solutionworkflow is performed as substantially described herein (see FIG. 3) byor using an appropriate one or more of the horizontal well designapplications 618, including some or all of the various phases 302-308discussed above. At block 706, the completion and production solutionworkflow is performed as substantially described herein (see FIG. 4) byor using an appropriate one or more of the horizontal well designapplications 618, including some or all of the various phases 402-416discussed above. Finally, the results of the various workflows arepresented at block 708 by or using an appropriate one of the horizontalwell design applications 618.

FIG. 8 depicts the integration of the workflows 200, 300, and 400discussed herein in more detail as performed by or using an appropriateone or more of the horizontal well design applications 618. As mentionedabove, the integration may be performed entirely automatically orportions of the integration may be performed automatically and portionsof the integration may be performed manually. In the example shown here,data and information resulting from or used by a given workflow may bestored in a database for that respective workflow. Thus, for example,data and information resulting from or used by the geophysics workflow200 are stored in a geophysics database 800, data and informationresulting from or used by the geomechanics workflow 300 are stored in ageomechanics database 802, data and information resulting from or usedby the completion and production workflow 400 are stored in a completionand production database 804, and data and information resulting from orused by the integrated solution 500 are stored in integrated database806.

In accordance with the disclosed embodiments, data and informationresulting from or used by the geophysics workflow 200 may also be storedand used in the geomechanics workflow 300, as indicated by arrowsmapping such data and information from the geophysics database 800 tothe geomechanics database 802. As well, data and information resultingfrom or used by the geomechanics workflow 300 may also be stored andused in the completion and production workflow 400, as indicated byarrows mapping such data and information from the geomechanics database802 to the completion and production database 804. Likewise, data andinformation resulting from or used by the completion and productionworkflow 400 may also be stored and used in the integrated solution 500,as indicated by arrows mapping such data and information from thecompletion and production database 804 to the integrated database 806.

In some embodiments, one or more integration rules may be establishedand applied to the integration of the data and information resultingfrom or used by the various workflows. As one simplistic example, if themaximum curvature attribute derived from the geophysics workflow 200satisfies or fails to satisfy a predetermined criterion, then a certainaction is performed or omitted, respectively, or performed in a modifiedway in the geomechanics workflow 300. As another simplistic example, ifthe NPT analysis from the geomechanics workflow 300 satisfies or failsto satisfy a predetermined criterion, then a certain action is performedor omitted, respectively, or performed in a modified way in thecompletion and production workflow 400. One or more of the integrationrules along with the data and information affected these rules by may bestored in a rules table, an example of which is reproduced below inTable 1.

TABLE 1 INTEGRATION RULES From.Workflow.Parameter To.Workflow.ParameterIntegration Rule Geophysics.Parameter1 Geomechanics.Parameter2 Rule AGeomechanics.Parameter3 CompletionProduction.Parameter1 Rule BGeomechanics.Parameter2 CompletionProduction.Parameter4 Rule C . . . . .. . . .

Thus, as set forth above, the embodiments disclosed herein may beimplemented in a number of ways. For example, in general, in one aspect,the disclosed embodiments relate to a computer-based system fordesigning a horizontal oil well. The system comprises a centralprocessing unit mounted within the computer-based system, a displayelectrically connected to the central processing unit, and a storagedevice in data communication with the central processing unit. Thestorage device stores one or more applications thereon for integrating aplurality of workflows to design a horizontal well in a hydrocarbonfield with a naturally fractured hydrocarbon reservoir. The workflowscomprise a geophysics workflow, a geomechanics workflow, and acompletion and production workflow.

In general, in another aspect, the disclosed embodiments relate to acomputer-based method for designing a horizontal oil well. The methodcomprises integrating a plurality of workflows using a centralprocessing unit to design a horizontal well in a hydrocarbon field witha naturally fractured hydrocarbon reservoir. The integration comprisesperforming a geophysics workflow using the central processing unit,performing a geomechanics workflow using the central processing unit,and performing a completion and production workflow using the centralprocessing unit.

In general, in yet another aspect, the disclosed embodiments relate to acomputer-readable medium storing computer-readable instructions thereon.The computer-readable instructions include instructions for causing acomputer to integrate the results of a plurality of workflows in adesign a horizontal well in a hydrocarbon field with a naturallyfractured hydrocarbon reservoir, including instructions for causing thecomputer to perform a geophysics workflow, perform a geomechanicsworkflow, and perform a completion and production workflow.

In some embodiments, the geophysics workflow may comprise a review ofgeological and structural field information, 3D visualization of maximumcurvature attribute for producing wells in a hydrocarbon field withnaturally fractured reservoir, geological and production informationintegration for qualitative calibration of the maximum curvatureattribute, 3D visualization of horizontal drilling proposal for themaximum curvature attribute and determination of optimal areas withhigher fracture density along flow paths, and estimation of points(fracture zones) along the flow path of the horizontal wells, andproposal and recommendations on possible changes in the trajectories.

In some embodiments, the geomechanics workflow may comprise datagathering, including gathering of logs, reports, maps, and field tests;analysis of operational experience, including non-productive time (NPT)analysis and drilling learning curve analysis; geomechanics modeling,including modeling of geopressure, mechanical rock properties, andin-situ stress; and wellbore collapse study, including analyticalcollapse pressure analysis for breakout at 0°, 60°, and 90°.

In some embodiments, the completion and production workflow may compriseinformation gathering, developing prototype model, developing a welltype design, developing a well completion design, developing well typeand completion sensitivities, performing well completion optimization,and generating final completion proposal.

While the invention has been described with reference to one or moreparticular embodiments, those skilled in the art will recognize thatmany changes may be made thereto without departing from the spirit andscope of the description. Each of these embodiments and obviousvariations thereof is contemplated as falling within the spirit andscope of the claimed invention, which is set forth in the followingclaims.

What is claimed is:
 1. A computer-based system for designing ahorizontal oil well, comprising: a central processing unit mountedwithin the computer-based system; a display electrically connected tothe central processing unit; and a storage device in data communicationwith the central processing unit, the storage device storing one or moreapplications thereon for integrating a plurality of workflows to designa horizontal well in a hydrocarbon field with a naturally fracturedhydrocarbon reservoir, the workflows comprising a geophysics workflow, ageomechanics workflow, and a completion and production workflow; thestorage device further storing one or more integration rules forintegrating the plurality of workflows, each integration rule causingthe central processing unit to perform or omit a predefined action,respectively, in a given one of the workflows if a design parameterderived from a different one of the workflows satisfies or fails tosatisfy a predetermined criterion; the display displaying the horizontalwell designed based on integration of the one or more integration rules.2. The computer-based system of claim 1, wherein the geophysics workflowcomprises: a review of geological and structural field information; 3Dvisualization of maximum curvature attribute for producing wells in ahydrocarbon field with naturally fractured reservoir; geological andproduction information integration for qualitative calibration of themaximum curvature attribute; 3D visualization of horizontal drillingproposal for the maximum curvature attribute and determination ofoptimal areas with higher fracture density along flow paths; andestimation of points along the flow path of the horizontal wells, andproposal and recommendations on possible changes in the trajectories. 3.The computer-based system of claim 2, wherein the geomechanics workflowcomprises: data gathering, including gathering of logs, reports, maps,and field tests; analysis of operational experience, includingnon-productive time (NPT) analysis and drilling learning curve analysis;geomechanics modeling, including modeling of geopressure, mechanicalrock properties, and in-situ stress; and wellbore collapse study,including analytical collapse pressure analysis for breakout at 0°, 60°,and 90°.
 4. The computer-based system of claim 3, wherein the completionand production workflow comprises: information gathering; developingprototype model; developing a well type design; developing a wellcompletion design; developing well type and completion sensitivities;performing well completion optimization; and generating final completionproposal.
 5. The computer-based system of claim 4, wherein the storagedevice stores a plurality of design parameters for each one of theworkflows in a database, each design parameter having a data type and adata value associated therewith, and wherein the database maps at leastone design parameter for the geophysics workflow to at least one designparameter for the geomechanics workflow, at least one design parameterfor the geomechanics workflow to at least one design parameter for thecompletion and production workflow, and at least one design parameterfor the completion and production workflow to at least one designparameter for an integrated solution for designing the horizontal oilwell.
 6. A computer-based method for designing a horizontal oil well,the method comprising: integrating a plurality of workflows using acentral processing unit to design a horizontal well in a hydrocarbonfield with a naturally fractured hydrocarbon reservoir, such integratingcomprising: performing a geophysics workflow using the centralprocessing unit; performing a geomechanics workflow using the centralprocessing unit; and performing a completion and production workflowusing the central processing unit; performing or omitting a predefinedaction, respectively, in a given one of the workflows using the centralprocessing unit if a design parameter derived from a different one ofthe workflows satisfies or fails to satisfy a predetermined criterion;and displaying the horizontal well designed based on integration of theone or more integration rules.
 7. The computer-based method of claim 6,wherein the geophysics workflow comprises: a review of geological andstructural field information; 3D visualization of maximum curvatureattribute for producing wells in a hydrocarbon field with naturallyfractured reservoir; geological and production information integrationfor qualitative calibration of the maximum curvature attribute; 3Dvisualization of horizontal drilling proposal for the maximum curvatureattribute and determination of optimal areas with higher fracturedensity along flow paths; and estimation of points (fracture zones)along the flow path of the horizontal wells, and proposal andrecommendations on possible changes in the trajectories.
 8. Thecomputer-based method of claim 7, wherein the geomechanics workflowcomprises: data gathering, including gathering of logs, reports, maps,and field tests; analysis of operational experience, includingnon-productive time (NPT) analysis and drilling learning curve analysis;geomechanics modeling, including modeling of geopressure, mechanicalrock properties, and in-situ stress; and wellbore collapse study,including analytical collapse pressure analysis for breakout at 0°, 60°,and 90°.
 9. The computer-based method of claim 8, wherein the completionand production workflow comprises: information gathering; developingprototype model; developing a well type design; developing a wellcompletion design; developing well type and completion sensitivities;performing well completion optimization; and generating final completionproposal.
 10. The computer-based method of claim 9, wherein integratingfurther comprises using a storage device to store a plurality of designparameters for each one of the workflows in a database, each designparameter having a data type and a data value associated therewith, andwherein the database maps at least one design parameter for thegeophysics workflow to at least one design parameter for thegeomechanics workflow, at least one design parameter for thegeomechanics workflow to at least one design parameter for thecompletion and production workflow, and at least one design parameterfor the completion and production workflow to at least one designparameter for an integrated solution for designing the horizontal oilwell.
 11. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storingcomputer-readable instructions for causing a computer to: integrate theresults of a plurality of workflows in a design a horizontal well in ahydrocarbon field with a naturally fractured hydrocarbon reservoir, suchintegrating comprising: performing a geophysics workflow by thecomputer; performing a geomechanics workflow by the computer; andperforming a completion and production workflow by the computer; performor omit a predefined action, respectively, in a given one of theworkflows using the central processing unit if a design parameterderived from a different one of the workflows satisfies or fails tosatisfy a predetermined criterion; and display the horizontal welldesigned based on integration of the one or more integration rules. 12.The computer-readable medium of claim 11, wherein the geophysicsworkflow comprises: a review of geological and structural fieldinformation; 3D visualization of maximum curvature attribute forproducing wells in a hydrocarbon field with naturally fracturedreservoir; geological and production information integration forqualitative calibration of the maximum curvature attribute; 3Dvisualization of horizontal drilling proposal for the maximum curvatureattribute and determination of optimal areas with higher fracturedensity along flow paths; and estimation of points (fracture zones)along the flow path of the horizontal wells, and proposal andrecommendations on possible changes in the trajectories.
 13. Thecomputer-readable medium of claim 12, wherein the geomechanics workflowcomprises: data gathering, including gathering of logs, reports, maps,and field tests; analysis of operational experience, includingnon-productive time (NPT) analysis and drilling learning curve analysis;geomechanics modeling, including modeling of geopressure, mechanicalrock properties, and in-situ stress; and wellbore collapse study,including analytical collapse pressure analysis for breakout at 0°, 60°,and 90°.
 14. The computer-readable medium of claim 13, wherein thecompletion and production workflow comprises: information gathering;developing prototype model; developing a well type design; developing awell completion design; developing well type and completionsensitivities; performing well completion optimization; and generatingfinal completion proposal.
 15. The computer-readable medium of claim 15,wherein integrating further comprises storing a plurality of designparameters by the computer for each one of the workflows in a database,each design parameter having a data type and a data value associatedtherewith, and wherein the database maps at least one design parameterfor the geophysics workflow to at least one design parameter for thegeomechanics workflow, at least one design parameter for thegeomechanics workflow to at least one design parameter for thecompletion and production workflow, and at least one design parameterfor the completion and production workflow to at least one designparameter for an integrated solution for designing the horizontal oilwell.